Hola Leonardo: Vos que ami juicio sos uno de los mas leidos en inmunología, me podría decir que es eso de una cepa C en Parvo?.
Dicen que de las vacunas que hay en el país una sola protege , y que es mucho mas patógenas que las que conocíamos.
saludos Coco
anterior a 1980 el parvovirus que conociamos era el tipo 2(cvp 2). posteriormente el tipo fue reemplazado por el tipo cvb-2a
hasta 1986 que aparece la nueva variacion cvp-2b, en estos ultimos anos fue detectado el tipo cvp-2c . Esta nueva cepa es menos detectable con los test rapidos de laboratorio y las vacunas pueden no ser totalmente efectivas .
con respecto a la presentacion teniamos un parvo con diarrea sanguinolenta o no , una variacion con vomitos o no , siendo la con vomitos mas agresiva y la nueva viene acompanada(similar al parvo original) de severa depresion, leucopenia y limfopenia , muerte aguda de cachorros, diarrea mucoide y sanguinolenta , tambien se reportaron casos con sintomatologia respiratoria .
los test rapidos (snap) pueden dar negativo , la mejor forma es el PCR , en un estudio reciente se determino que las vacunas de galaxy e Intervet daban una proteccion completa para la 2-b y la 2c . Espero le sea util.
hasta 1986 que aparece la nueva variacion cvp-2b, en estos ultimos anos fue detectado el tipo cvp-2c . Esta nueva cepa es menos detectable con los test rapidos de laboratorio y las vacunas pueden no ser totalmente efectivas .
con respecto a la presentacion teniamos un parvo con diarrea sanguinolenta o no , una variacion con vomitos o no , siendo la con vomitos mas agresiva y la nueva viene acompanada(similar al parvo original) de severa depresion, leucopenia y limfopenia , muerte aguda de cachorros, diarrea mucoide y sanguinolenta , tambien se reportaron casos con sintomatologia respiratoria .
los test rapidos (snap) pueden dar negativo , la mejor forma es el PCR , en un estudio reciente se determino que las vacunas de galaxy e Intervet daban una proteccion completa para la 2-b y la 2c . Espero le sea util.
disculpen la ignorancia, yo uso pfizer, la vacuna galñaxi es la de fort doge??? o nada qu ver?
Hola Roberto: ambas las comercializa Fort Dodge , la Galaxy y la Puppy Shot Booster.
saludos Coco
saludos Coco
Coco disculpame que no conteste antes pero estoy en la costa y no creo poder conectarme todos los dias.
La Cepa C es una nueva variante, como comento una colega existen la 2a, 2b y ahora la 2c.
Se trato en el tema en el foro con anterioridad y la opinion gralizada de los expertos es que las vacunas que se comercializan en Argentina deberian proteger contra todas las variantes.
Ya envie al foro los otros dias el trabajo que presento Intervet asegurando la proteccion por desafio contra la variante 2c.
La Galaxy en realidad era originalmente de Solvay, pero con las fusiones en Mexico la comercializa Fort Dodge y aca en Argentina lo hace Bayer, aunque la avala Fort Dodge con un sello, no da soporte tecnico.
Me gustaria que la colega de EUA envie al foro el trabajo que dice que la linea Galaxy protege contra la variante 2c, para tenerlo.
No creo que la variante C particularmente sea mas patogena que las otras, en realidad creo que en el pais la que mas se presenta es la variante 2b, aunque me han confirmado un lab que hace PCR que la variante 2c existe localmente.
Coco por ahora yo no estoy demasiado preocupado con esto, ya paso lo mismo cuando se alerto sobre la nueva variante 2b, algunos labs muy importantes siguieron con la 2a (Ej: cepa KF11 de FD) en sus produtos y no tuvieron problemas con sus vacunas.
Particularmente y ya lo escribi en un mensaje anterior, creo que como paso cuando aparecio la 2b, hay algo de marketing en todo esto, si realmente las vacunas no protegieran, tendriamos que estar ante una situacion de crisis como a principios de los 80, cuando comenzo el Parvo, pues la variante 2c esta en nuestro pais y tendria que estar haciendo estragos cosa que no me consta.
Otro tema, la causa mas importante de falla vacunal para el Parvo sigue siendo la interferencia por parte de los anticuerpos maternos por lejos, pero creo que existe una cierta tentacion ante un problema, a adjudicar a la presencia de una cepa nueva algun tipo de responsabilidad, pues pareciera mas facil de explicar y defender, que lo otro.
Saludos
Leonardo
La Cepa C es una nueva variante, como comento una colega existen la 2a, 2b y ahora la 2c.
Se trato en el tema en el foro con anterioridad y la opinion gralizada de los expertos es que las vacunas que se comercializan en Argentina deberian proteger contra todas las variantes.
Ya envie al foro los otros dias el trabajo que presento Intervet asegurando la proteccion por desafio contra la variante 2c.
La Galaxy en realidad era originalmente de Solvay, pero con las fusiones en Mexico la comercializa Fort Dodge y aca en Argentina lo hace Bayer, aunque la avala Fort Dodge con un sello, no da soporte tecnico.
Me gustaria que la colega de EUA envie al foro el trabajo que dice que la linea Galaxy protege contra la variante 2c, para tenerlo.
No creo que la variante C particularmente sea mas patogena que las otras, en realidad creo que en el pais la que mas se presenta es la variante 2b, aunque me han confirmado un lab que hace PCR que la variante 2c existe localmente.
Coco por ahora yo no estoy demasiado preocupado con esto, ya paso lo mismo cuando se alerto sobre la nueva variante 2b, algunos labs muy importantes siguieron con la 2a (Ej: cepa KF11 de FD) en sus produtos y no tuvieron problemas con sus vacunas.
Particularmente y ya lo escribi en un mensaje anterior, creo que como paso cuando aparecio la 2b, hay algo de marketing en todo esto, si realmente las vacunas no protegieran, tendriamos que estar ante una situacion de crisis como a principios de los 80, cuando comenzo el Parvo, pues la variante 2c esta en nuestro pais y tendria que estar haciendo estragos cosa que no me consta.
Otro tema, la causa mas importante de falla vacunal para el Parvo sigue siendo la interferencia por parte de los anticuerpos maternos por lejos, pero creo que existe una cierta tentacion ante un problema, a adjudicar a la presencia de una cepa nueva algun tipo de responsabilidad, pues pareciera mas facil de explicar y defender, que lo otro.
Saludos
Leonardo
hola como estan , voy al enviar al foro un par de trabajos que hablan de la cobertura total de las vacunas para todas las cepas, pero basicamente quisiera decirte que en EEUU nadie esta preocupado si la vacuna protege o no contra esta nueva variacion ,yo creo que estan y estoy segura que si que protege . el problema aqui de presentacion de parvo es muy simple : falta de vacunacion
lo segundo es que si :esta variante es mas patogena , aca el tratamiento del parvo si da resultado . probablemente por las vacunaciones mas intensivas ,porque los duenos tienen otra conciencia o no se , pero internamos un parvo ,lo aislamos y con un tratamiento intensivo en menos de una semana estan recuperados en un % alto ,ahora los ultimos venian con dificultades respiratorias, muy deprimidos ,con diarrea por supuesto y vomitos . este tipo de presentacion ya no se veia .
incluso en camadas con test de parvo algunos daban negativos y la sintomatologia era mas marcada.
Lo tercero es que la vacunacion no es en algunas zonas un problema de importancia para el marketing porque aca es cada 3 anos , dado que se demostro que los anticuerpos vacunales cubren a las mascotas hasta ese periodo. saludos
lo segundo es que si :esta variante es mas patogena , aca el tratamiento del parvo si da resultado . probablemente por las vacunaciones mas intensivas ,porque los duenos tienen otra conciencia o no se , pero internamos un parvo ,lo aislamos y con un tratamiento intensivo en menos de una semana estan recuperados en un % alto ,ahora los ultimos venian con dificultades respiratorias, muy deprimidos ,con diarrea por supuesto y vomitos . este tipo de presentacion ya no se veia .
incluso en camadas con test de parvo algunos daban negativos y la sintomatologia era mas marcada.
Lo tercero es que la vacunacion no es en algunas zonas un problema de importancia para el marketing porque aca es cada 3 anos , dado que se demostro que los anticuerpos vacunales cubren a las mascotas hasta ese periodo. saludos
Aca encontre el trabajo de Larson y Schultz, sobre Galaxy y Continuum de Intervet que es una vacuna polivalente aprobada para su aplicacion cada 3 años en EUA.
Do two current canine parvovirus type 2 and 2b vaccines provide protection against the new type 2c variant?
Larson LJ, Schultz RD.
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA.
Three groups (n=9 or 10) of 12-week-old canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) antibody-negative puppies were vaccinated: one group with a product containing modified-live CPV-2b (Galaxy DA2PPv; Schering-Plough Animal Health), one group with a product containing modified-live CPV-2 (Continuum DAP, Intervet), and one group (controls) with sterile saline. All puppies receiving CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccines developed antibody as determined by the hemagglutination inhibition assay. All groups of puppies were challenged with a combination of virulent CPV-2b and CPV-2c 5 weeks after vaccination. All puppies in the CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccinated groups were protected from disease, whereas all control group puppies developed disease and 50% died or were euthanized. This study demonstrated that the CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccine components of the Continuum DAP and Galaxy DA2PPv products, respectively, provided protection against the CPV-2b virus and also provided complete protection against the new CPV-2c variant.
1: Vet Ther. 2008 Summer;9(2):94-101
Do two current canine parvovirus type 2 and 2b vaccines provide protection against the new type 2c variant?
Larson LJ, Schultz RD.
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA.
Three groups (n=9 or 10) of 12-week-old canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) antibody-negative puppies were vaccinated: one group with a product containing modified-live CPV-2b (Galaxy DA2PPv; Schering-Plough Animal Health), one group with a product containing modified-live CPV-2 (Continuum DAP, Intervet), and one group (controls) with sterile saline. All puppies receiving CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccines developed antibody as determined by the hemagglutination inhibition assay. All groups of puppies were challenged with a combination of virulent CPV-2b and CPV-2c 5 weeks after vaccination. All puppies in the CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccinated groups were protected from disease, whereas all control group puppies developed disease and 50% died or were euthanized. This study demonstrated that the CPV-2 and CPV-2b vaccine components of the Continuum DAP and Galaxy DA2PPv products, respectively, provided protection against the CPV-2b virus and also provided complete protection against the new CPV-2c variant.
1: Vet Ther. 2008 Summer;9(2):94-101
Aparentemente el punto para comenzar a preocuparse tal vez sería si descubrimos un adulto bien vacunado con presentacion clinica de Parvo. Yo creo que hay un poco de histeria sobre este tema y que podria ser de importancia tal vez solo para los virologos, y no para nosotros como clinicos, el CPV efectivamente muta, pero esta cepa (2c) se detecto en Italia en el 2000 y ningun lab fabricante de vacunas hizo ningun cambio en sus productos en todo este tiempo, por algo habra sido. Es probable que alguna vez el virus del CPV mute y las vacunas convencionales no protejan mas, pero este pareciera no ser ese caso.
Ya lo envié el año pasado al foro, pero repito la posicion de AVMA sobre el tema, para los colegas que no lo leyeron.
Saludos
Leonardo
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Frequently Asked Questions about Canine Parvovirus type 2c
September 2008
[This FAQ document is based on what we currently know about this virus. As we receive more information, this document will be updated.]
Q: What is canine parvovirus type 2c?
A: Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the virus that causes "parvo" enteritis in dogs. There are several variants of CPV-2; all of the variants of CPV-2 are genetically related.
CPV-2c differs from CPV-2a and CPV-2b at only one point on the DNA strand Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) is a variant of canine parvovirus. It was first detected in Italy in 2000, and has also been reported in Western Europe, Asia, and South America. Outbreaks of canine parvovirus associated with CPV-2c in the United States were confirmed in 2006 and 2007.
Canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b) is the most common variant of the canine parvovirus in the United States, but CPV-2c is becoming the second most common variant.
Q: What type of infection does CPV-2c cause?
A: CPV-2c causes similar signs as those seen with infection with CPV-2a and CPV-2b. These include loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea (which may be bloody), and dehydration. The bloody diarrhea might be mild or absent with CPV-2c infection, but affected dogs are more likely to stop eating. Without treatment, many affected animals die. Severe cases may die despite aggressive treatment.
To read more about canine parvovirus, view the AVMA's brochure, "What you should know about canine parvovirus," at http://www.avma.org/animal_health/brochures/canine_parvo/parvo_brochure.asp.
Q: Who is susceptible to CPV-2c infection?
A: The risk for infection with CPV-2c and other variants of the canine parvovirus (as well as many other infectious diseases) is highest when large numbers of dogs are housed together in close confinement, such as boarding/training kennels, shelter facilities, dog shows, and racing greyhound kennels. Dogs of all ages and breeds are susceptible to infection, but puppies and unvaccinated or improperly vaccinated dogs are at higher risk of infection and illness. There is no evidence that CPV-2c, or the other canine parvovirus variants, can infect people.
Q: How is CPV-2c transmitted?
A: As with other parvoviruses, CPV-2c is highly contagious and is spread by direct dog-to-dog contact and contact with contaminated feces (stool), environments or people. The virus can also contaminate kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes, and the hands and clothing of people who handle infected dogs.
Q: How is CPV-2c infection diagnosed?
A: Because the signs are similar for CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c infection and illness, the types cannot be distinguished by examination or the signs of disease observed. Commercially available fecal tests are able to detect all variants of CPV-2, including CPV-2c.
Q: What is the treatment for CPV-2c infection?
A: As with the other variants of canine parvovirus, treatment of individual dogs consists of supportive care and efforts to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, control vomiting and diarrhea, and prevent secondary infections. There is no specific anti-viral therapy for CPV-2c infection. Since CPV-2c and other variants of canine parvovirus are highly contagious, isolation of infected dogs is necessary to minimize spread of infection.
Q: Is there a vaccine for CPV-2c?
A: Although there is no vaccine to specifically prevent CPV-2c infection, studies have shown that all of the currently available vaccines produced by the five major vaccine manufacturers (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Intervet, Merial, Pfizer and Schering-Plough), when administered appropriately, provide excellent immunity to all variants of the canine parvovirus.
Puppies should receive a dose of canine parvovirus vaccine between 14 and 16 weeks of age, regardless of how many doses they received earlier, to develop adequate protection.
Q: How is CPV-2c infection managed?
A: Strategies for reducing the spread of CPV-2c infection are the same as those for other variants of CPV, and include isolation of ill dogs (as well as any dogs exposed to ill dogs), biosecurity measures (such as changing of clothes and hand washing after handling affected dogs), and effective sanitation. Parvoviruses are very hardy, are resistant to many disinfectants, and can survive in the environment for long periods of time.
Q: How is CPV-2c infection prevented?
A: When a dog develops parvo, treatment can be very expensive, and the dog may die despite aggressive treatment. Vaccinating your dog is the most effective way to prevent infection.
Dogs with vomiting or diarrhea or other dogs which have been exposed to ill dogs should not be taken to kennels, show grounds, dog parks, or other areas where they will come into contact with other dogs. Similarly, unvaccinated dogs should not be exposed to ill dogs or those with unknown vaccination histories. People who are in contact with sick or exposed dogs should avoid handling of other dogs or at least wash their hands and change their clothes before doing so.
For additional information:
Hong C, Decaro N, Desario C et al. Occurrence of canine parvovirus type 2c in the United States. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007; 19: 535-539.
Kapil S, Cooper E, Lamm C et al. Canine parvovirus types 2c and 2b circulating in North American dogs in 2006 and 2007. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 4044-4047.
Larson LJ, Quesada M; Mukhtar E, et al. Evaluation of a CPV-2 fecal parvovirus ELISA (SNAP Fecal Parvo Test ®) from Idexx Laboratories. 88th Conf Res Workers in Anim Dis 2007, p. 112.
CPV Update, Amer Anim Hosp Assoc; May 28, 2007.
Oklahoma State University press release: http://www.cvhs.okstate.edu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=437
Schultz RD, Larson LJ. Current canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) vaccines provide excellent immunity to all genotypes of CPV-2 (eg CPV-2a, 2b, and 2c). 88th Conf Res Workers in Anim Dis 2007, p. 113.
Staff research, Communications Division; Dr. Ron Schultz, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine.
Contact: Dr. Kimberly May, Medical/Science Writer, AVMA Communications Division, 847-285-6667 or kmay@avma.org.
This information has been prepared as a service by the American Veterinary Medical Association. Redistribution is acceptable, but the document's original content and format must be maintained, and its source must be prominently identified.
Ya lo envié el año pasado al foro, pero repito la posicion de AVMA sobre el tema, para los colegas que no lo leyeron.
Saludos
Leonardo
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Frequently Asked Questions about Canine Parvovirus type 2c
September 2008
[This FAQ document is based on what we currently know about this virus. As we receive more information, this document will be updated.]
Q: What is canine parvovirus type 2c?
A: Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the virus that causes "parvo" enteritis in dogs. There are several variants of CPV-2; all of the variants of CPV-2 are genetically related.
CPV-2c differs from CPV-2a and CPV-2b at only one point on the DNA strand Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) is a variant of canine parvovirus. It was first detected in Italy in 2000, and has also been reported in Western Europe, Asia, and South America. Outbreaks of canine parvovirus associated with CPV-2c in the United States were confirmed in 2006 and 2007.
Canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b) is the most common variant of the canine parvovirus in the United States, but CPV-2c is becoming the second most common variant.
Q: What type of infection does CPV-2c cause?
A: CPV-2c causes similar signs as those seen with infection with CPV-2a and CPV-2b. These include loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea (which may be bloody), and dehydration. The bloody diarrhea might be mild or absent with CPV-2c infection, but affected dogs are more likely to stop eating. Without treatment, many affected animals die. Severe cases may die despite aggressive treatment.
To read more about canine parvovirus, view the AVMA's brochure, "What you should know about canine parvovirus," at http://www.avma.org/animal_health/brochures/canine_parvo/parvo_brochure.asp.
Q: Who is susceptible to CPV-2c infection?
A: The risk for infection with CPV-2c and other variants of the canine parvovirus (as well as many other infectious diseases) is highest when large numbers of dogs are housed together in close confinement, such as boarding/training kennels, shelter facilities, dog shows, and racing greyhound kennels. Dogs of all ages and breeds are susceptible to infection, but puppies and unvaccinated or improperly vaccinated dogs are at higher risk of infection and illness. There is no evidence that CPV-2c, or the other canine parvovirus variants, can infect people.
Q: How is CPV-2c transmitted?
A: As with other parvoviruses, CPV-2c is highly contagious and is spread by direct dog-to-dog contact and contact with contaminated feces (stool), environments or people. The virus can also contaminate kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes, and the hands and clothing of people who handle infected dogs.
Q: How is CPV-2c infection diagnosed?
A: Because the signs are similar for CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c infection and illness, the types cannot be distinguished by examination or the signs of disease observed. Commercially available fecal tests are able to detect all variants of CPV-2, including CPV-2c.
Q: What is the treatment for CPV-2c infection?
A: As with the other variants of canine parvovirus, treatment of individual dogs consists of supportive care and efforts to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, control vomiting and diarrhea, and prevent secondary infections. There is no specific anti-viral therapy for CPV-2c infection. Since CPV-2c and other variants of canine parvovirus are highly contagious, isolation of infected dogs is necessary to minimize spread of infection.
Q: Is there a vaccine for CPV-2c?
A: Although there is no vaccine to specifically prevent CPV-2c infection, studies have shown that all of the currently available vaccines produced by the five major vaccine manufacturers (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Intervet, Merial, Pfizer and Schering-Plough), when administered appropriately, provide excellent immunity to all variants of the canine parvovirus.
Puppies should receive a dose of canine parvovirus vaccine between 14 and 16 weeks of age, regardless of how many doses they received earlier, to develop adequate protection.
Q: How is CPV-2c infection managed?
A: Strategies for reducing the spread of CPV-2c infection are the same as those for other variants of CPV, and include isolation of ill dogs (as well as any dogs exposed to ill dogs), biosecurity measures (such as changing of clothes and hand washing after handling affected dogs), and effective sanitation. Parvoviruses are very hardy, are resistant to many disinfectants, and can survive in the environment for long periods of time.
Q: How is CPV-2c infection prevented?
A: When a dog develops parvo, treatment can be very expensive, and the dog may die despite aggressive treatment. Vaccinating your dog is the most effective way to prevent infection.
Dogs with vomiting or diarrhea or other dogs which have been exposed to ill dogs should not be taken to kennels, show grounds, dog parks, or other areas where they will come into contact with other dogs. Similarly, unvaccinated dogs should not be exposed to ill dogs or those with unknown vaccination histories. People who are in contact with sick or exposed dogs should avoid handling of other dogs or at least wash their hands and change their clothes before doing so.
For additional information:
Hong C, Decaro N, Desario C et al. Occurrence of canine parvovirus type 2c in the United States. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007; 19: 535-539.
Kapil S, Cooper E, Lamm C et al. Canine parvovirus types 2c and 2b circulating in North American dogs in 2006 and 2007. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45: 4044-4047.
Larson LJ, Quesada M; Mukhtar E, et al. Evaluation of a CPV-2 fecal parvovirus ELISA (SNAP Fecal Parvo Test ®) from Idexx Laboratories. 88th Conf Res Workers in Anim Dis 2007, p. 112.
CPV Update, Amer Anim Hosp Assoc; May 28, 2007.
Oklahoma State University press release: http://www.cvhs.okstate.edu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=437
Schultz RD, Larson LJ. Current canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) vaccines provide excellent immunity to all genotypes of CPV-2 (eg CPV-2a, 2b, and 2c). 88th Conf Res Workers in Anim Dis 2007, p. 113.
Staff research, Communications Division; Dr. Ron Schultz, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine.
Contact: Dr. Kimberly May, Medical/Science Writer, AVMA Communications Division, 847-285-6667 or kmay@avma.org.
This information has been prepared as a service by the American Veterinary Medical Association. Redistribution is acceptable, but the document's original content and format must be maintained, and its source must be prominently identified.
Estimados colegas, acabo de recibir info de Intervet en donde se asegura que la variante 2c es la de mayor prevalencia en la actualidad en Uruguay.
Saludos
Leonardo
Saludos
Leonardo