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Colegas:

Los procesos de aprendizaje deben de ser evolutivos así como sus técnicas. Por determinadas circunstancias tuve acceso a un material bibliográfico muy reciente dentro del cual se manejan nuevas alternativas de aprendizaje.

Observo que dentro del foro las adivinanzas y la interpretación de datos de laboratorio rifan con agrado. Por lo que a la tierra que fueses has lo que vieses, en consecuencia pongo a su consideración los siguientes datos de urianalisis para su interpretacion.

No intervendré en un lapso perenterio y posteriormente daré las respuestas. El material es autoría de una de las máximas autoridades de la materia a nivel mundial, de quien en su momento daré su identidad.

What is your interpretation of the following urinalysis results?

The following nine case scenarios are designed to facilitate self-assessment of your interpretation of routine urinalysis of several patients admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital.

When choosing your answer, remember to distinguish between observations and interpretations, and to consider the best answer in terms of probabilities rather than possibilities.

Please note that hpf means high-power microscope field (450 X), and lpf means low-power microscope field (100 X).

CASE 1
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a urine sample obtained during normal voiding from a 7-year-old spayed yellow Labrador Retriever.
Color - light yellow
Protein - 4+
Turbidity – clear
RBC - 1 - 2 /hpf
Specific gravity - 1.025
WBC- 0 - 1 /hpf
pH - 6.0
Casts - occasional hyaline/lpf.
Glucose – negative
Epithelial cells – occasional
Acetone – negative
Bacteria – none
Bilirubin – negative
Crystals – none
Occult blood - negative

The best interpretation of the results of this urinalysis is that the patient:
a. Is normal.
b. Has generalized glomerular disease.
c. Has an inflammatory process somewhere along the urinary tract.
d. Has generalized tubular disease.
e. Has findings indicative of congestive heart failure or fever.

CASE 2
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a voided urine sample from an 8-year-old, male Basset Hound:
Color –yellow
Protein – 1+
Turbidity – clear
RBC - 1 - 2 /hpf
Specific gravity - 1.060
WBC- 0 - 1 /hpf
pH – 7.0
Casts - none
Glucose – negative
Epithelial cells - occasional
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - none
Bilirubin - 1+
Crystals - few amorphous
Occult blood - negative

The best interpretation of the results of this urinalysis is that the patient:
a. Has hepatic disease.
b. Has an inflammatory disorder of the urinary tract.
c. Is normal.
d. Has acute renal failure.
e. Has slight injury affecting the glomerular capillary walls.

CASE 3
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a voided urine sample obtained from a 5-year-old neutered male Persian cat:
Color – yellow
Protein -trace
Turbidity - clear
RBC - 1 - 3 / hpf
Specific gravity - 1.045
WBC- 0 - 1/ hpf
pH - 7.0
Casts - none
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells - occasional
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - none
Bilirubin - 1+
Crystals - few amorphous phosphates
Occult blood - negative

The best interpretation of the results of this urinalysis is that this feline patient:
a. Has significant bilirubinuria.
b. Has inflammatory disease syndrome along the urinary tract.
c. Is normal.
d. Has acute renal failure.
e. Has lower urinary tract disease.

CASE 4
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a fresh urine sample obtained by cystocentesis from a 10-year-old spayed Pomeranian dog.
Color - yellow
Protein - 2+
Turbidity - cloudy
RBC - numerous / hpf
Specific gravity - 1.035
WBC - numerous / hpf
pH - 8.0
Casts - none
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells - many
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - many cocci
Bilirubin - negative
Crystals - moderate struvite
Occult blood - 4+

The best interpretation of the results of this urinalysis is that the patient:
a. Has an inflammatory process somewhere along the urinary tract caused by bacterial infection.
b. Has an inflammatory process somewhere along the genitourinary tract caused by bacterial infection.
c. Has an inflammatory process somewhere along the urinary tract caused or complicated by bacterial infection.
d. Is normal, and the sample was contaminated during the process of analysis.
e. Has struvite uroliths associated with urinary-tract infection.

CASE 5
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a voided urine sample obtained from a 10-year-old domestic neutered shorthair cat.
Color - yellow
Protein - negative
Turbidity - clear
RBC - negative
Specific gravity - 1.010
WBC - negative
pH - 6.0
Casts - negative
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells - negative
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - negative
Occult blood - negative
Crystals - negative
Bilirubin- negative

The best interpretation of the specific-gravity value of this urinalysis is that:
a. The patient's kidneys have lost the ability to concentrate and dilute urine.
b. The patient's kidneys have lost the ability to concentrate urine.
c. The patient's kidneys have lost the ability to dilute urine.
d. No conclusions can be established about the ability of the patient's kidneys to concentrate and dilute urine.
e. The patient has a fixed urine specific gravity, probably as a result of primary renal failure.

CASE 6
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a voided urine sample from a 9-yr old, male Miniature Poodle:
Color - yellow
Protein - 1+
Turbidity - cloudy
RBC - 5-10/hpf
Specific gravity - 1.037
WBC - 5-10/hpf
pH - 6.0
Casts - many granular/lpf
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells - moderate/hpf
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - none
Bilirubin - negative
Crystals - few calcium oxalate/hpf
Occult blood - 1+

The most probable interpretation of the results of this urinalysis is that the patient:
a. Has acute primary renal failure.
b. Has chronic primary renal failure.
c. Has acute renal disease.
d. Has chronic renal disease.
e. Is normal.

CASE 7
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a voided urine sample from a 5-year-old, male Golden Retriever:
Color - yellow
Protein - 1+
Turbidity - cloudy
RBC - 0 - 1/hpf
Specific gravity - 1.045
WBC - 0 - 1/hpf
pH - 7.5
Casts - none
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells – occasional/hpf
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - none
Bilirubin - negative
Crystals - occasional struvite/lpf
Occult blood - negative

The best interpretation of the significance of the proteinuria is that it is:
a. Clinically insignificant.
b. Indicative of generalized glomerular disease.
c. Indicative of generalized tubular disease.
d. Indicative of damage to the transitional epithelium lining the urinary tract.
e. Indicative of preglomerular proteinuria.

CASE 8
Consider the following results obtained by analysis of a voided urine sample obtained from a 9-year-old spayed female Boxer.
Color – light yellow
Protein - negative
Turbidity - clear
RBC - negative
Specific gravity - 1.003
WBC - negative
pH - 6.5
Casts - none
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells - none
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - none
Occult blood - negative

The best interpretation of the specific gravity value of this urinalysis is that:
a. There is an insufficient population of viable nephrons to concentrate glomerular filtrate.
b. There is a sufficient population of the viable nephrons to dilute glomerular filtrate.
c. There is a sufficient population of nephrons to concentrate or dilute glomerular filtrate.
d. All of the nephrons of both kidneys are functional.
e. More than two-thirds of the nephrons of both kidneys are nonfunctional.

CASE 9
Consider the following results obtained from analysis of a voided urine sample from an anorectic obese, well-hydrated, 12-year-old male DSH cat:
Color - yellow/orange
Protein - trace
Turbidity - cloudy
RBC - none
Specific gravity - 1.035
WBC = 0-1/lpf
pH - 6.0
Casts - none
Glucose - negative
Epithelial cells - occasional
Acetone - negative
Bacteria - none
Bilirubin = 3+
Crystals - occasional calcium oxalate
Occult blood = negative

The best interpretation of the results of this urinalysis is that the patient:
a. Is normal.
b. Probably has obstructive and/or hepatocellular liver disease.
c. Probably has hemolytic jaundice.
d. Probably has generalized glomerular disease.
e. Probably has calcium oxalate uroliths.

No me sería extraño encontrar objeción a la propuesta, ya que parten del tipo más odioso del sitio. Él cual tan solo desea colaborar a su estilo, no al estilo borrego.

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